跨文化交际

孙淑女徐馨

目录

  • 1 Culture
    • 1.1 Definition of Culture
    • 1.2 Elements of culture
    • 1.3 Subculture/Co-culture
    • 1.4 Cultural identity
    • 1.5 Characteristics of culture
  • 2 Communication and Intercultural communication
    • 2.1 Definition of communication
    • 2.2 Elements of communication
    • 2.3 Intercultural communication
  • 3 Cultural patterns
    • 3.1 Definition and components
    • 3.2 Edward T. Hall's theory
    • 3.3 Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's value orientation
    • 3.4 Hofstede's dimensions of cultural variablity
  • 4 Verbal intercultural communication
    • 4.1 Language and culture
    • 4.2 Verbal communication styles
    • 4.3 Language diversity
  • 5 Nonverbal intercultural communication
    • 5.1 Significance,definition and functions
    • 5.2 Paralanguage and Silence
    • 5.3 Time and Space
    • 5.4 Other Categories
  • 6 Intercultural communication barriers and bridges
    • 6.1 Barriers
    • 6.2 Culture shock
    • 6.3 Intercultural adaptation
  • 7 Intercultural Communication Competence
    • 7.1 Definition of Intercultural Comunication Competence
    • 7.2 Components of Intercultural Comunication Competence
    • 7.3 Requirements for Intercultural Comunication Competence
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's value orientation

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's value orientation  (textbook p. 222-227)

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's list five problems for which all cultures must find solutions.The problems are as follows:

(1) What is the inborn character of human nature?

(2) What is the relationship between people and nature?

(3) What is the focus of human life  with respect to time?

(4) What is the focus of human activity?

(5) What is the relationship of one person the another? 

The solutions available are as follows:

Human nature

Basically

good

Mixture of  good and evil

Basically evil

Person-nature  orientation

Mastery over-nature

Harmony with

nature

Subjugation to  nature

Time orientation  

Past

Present

Future

Activity

orientation  

Value doing

Value being

Value being-in-becoming

Relational

orientation  

Individualism

Lineality

Collaterality/collectivism

Note: While one solution tends to be preferred by members of any given culture, all potential solutions are present in every culture.