Two models of communication

1. Linear model of communication

2. Circular model of communication

Elements of communication (textbook p. 41)

sender/source: the person who transmits a message

message: any signal that triggers the response of a receiver

encoding: the activity during which the sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message

channel: the method to deliver a message

receiver: any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message

decoding: the activity during which the receiver attaches meaning to the words or symbols

feedback: the response of a receiver to a sender's message

noise: factors that interfere with the exchange of messages, including external noise, physiological noise, psychological noise and semantic noise

      external noise: e.g. voice in the next room, ring of cell phone

      physiological noise: e.g. illness and disabilities make people  difficult to send or receive a message.

      psychological noise: e.g. hostility, preoccupation

     semantic noise: e.g jargon or technical terms which are not understood  by the listener

context: the setting or situation in which the communication occurs